Peptic Ulcer: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop on the inner lining of the stomach, upper small intestine, or esophagus. These ulcers can lead to various complications if left untreated, impacting a person's health significantly.

The prevalence of peptic ulcers is relatively high, affecting millions of people worldwide. These ulcers can have a significant impact on various bodily functions, including digestion, filtration of waste products, blood pressure regulation, and hormone production.

Peptic ulcers can lead to short-term health risks such as bleeding and perforation, which can be life-threatening if not addressed promptly. In the long term, untreated peptic ulcers can increase the risk of developing complications like stomach cancer.

One of the challenges with peptic ulcers is their asymptomatic nature in the early stages, making early detection crucial through regular screenings and medical check-ups.

Causes of Peptic Ulcer

• Helicobacter pylori Infection: Helicobacter pylori bacteria can weaken the protective mucous layer of the stomach, leading to ulcers.
• Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): Prolonged use of NSAIDs can increase stomach acid production, damaging the lining of the stomach.
• Smoking: Smoking can interfere with the healing process of ulcers and increase stomach acid production.
• Stress: While stress alone may not cause ulcers, it can exacerbate existing ulcers and delay the healing process.

Secondary Risk Factors

• Alcohol Consumption: Excessive alcohol intake can irritate the stomach lining, contributing to ulcer formation.
• Spicy Foods: Spicy foods can worsen ulcer symptoms and delay healing.
• Untreated Stress: Chronic stress can impact the digestive system, making ulcers more likely to develop.

Symptoms of Peptic Ulcer

Early Symptoms

• Abdominal Pain: Dull or burning pain in the abdomen, especially between meals.
• Heartburn: Burning sensation in the chest or upper abdomen.

Advanced Symptoms

• Vomiting Blood: Severe ulcers may cause vomiting of blood.
• Unexplained Weight Loss: Ulcers can lead to a decreased appetite and subsequent weight loss.

Diagnosis of Peptic Ulcer

• Endoscopy: A thin, flexible tube with a camera is used to visualize the stomach lining.
• Biopsy: Tissue samples are taken during endoscopy to check for H. pylori infection.
• Barium X-ray: A chalky liquid is ingested to highlight the stomach on X-rays.
• H. pylori Tests: Blood, stool, or breath tests can detect the presence of H. pylori bacteria.

Treatment Options for Peptic Ulcer

• Medications: Proton pump inhibitors and antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori.
• Dietary Modifications: Avoiding spicy foods, alcohol, and caffeine.
• Physical Activity: Regular exercise can help manage stress and promote healing.

Overall, early detection and appropriate treatment are crucial in managing peptic ulcers and preventing complications. If you suspect you have a peptic ulcer, seek medical attention promptly for proper diagnosis and treatment.