Subacute Bacterial Peritonitis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Subacute Bacterial Peritonitis is a serious infection of the abdominal lining caused by bacteria. It is crucial because if left untreated, it can lead to severe complications. Although relatively rare, it primarily affects individuals with underlying liver cirrhosis or other abdominal issues. Early detection and prompt treatment are essential to prevent the infection from spreading and causing harm. If you experience symptoms like abdominal pain, fever, or changes in mental status, seek medical attention immediately to receive appropriate care and management.

Causes of Subacute Bacterial Peritonitis

Subacute Bacterial Peritonitis develops due to factors like liver cirrhosis, weakened immune system, gastrointestinal surgeries, and excessive alcohol consumption. These factors create an environment where bacteria can flourish in the abdominal cavity, leading to infection and inflammation.

• Liver cirrhosis
• Weakened immune system
• Gastrointestinal surgeries
• Excessive alcohol consumption

Symptoms of Subacute Bacterial Peritonitis

Recognizing the symptoms of Subacute Bacterial Peritonitis is crucial as early detection can significantly improve outcomes for patients. This condition, often seen in individuals with cirrhosis, requires prompt medical attention.

Common Symptoms of Subacute Bacterial Peritonitis:

• Abdominal pain and tenderness
• Fever
• Altered mental status
• Decreased urine output
• Increased abdominal girth

Early identification of these symptoms can lead to timely intervention, reducing the risk of complications and improving patient prognosis. If you or a loved one experience these signs, seeking medical help promptly is essential for proper diagnosis and management.

Diagnosis of Subacute Bacterial Peritonitis

Subacute Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) requires prompt and accurate diagnosis for timely treatment. Symptoms may be subtle, making diagnosis challenging but crucial to prevent complications like sepsis. The diagnostic process typically involves:

• Thorough physical examination to assess symptoms
• Ascitic fluid analysis to detect elevated white blood cell count and positive bacterial culture
• Blood tests to check for signs of infection and inflammation
• Imaging studies like ultrasound or CT scans to evaluate the peritoneal cavity

Treatment Options for Subacute Bacterial Peritonitis

Subacute Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) requires a tailored approach for effective treatment.

Antibiotic Therapy

• Antibiotic Therapy involves administering antibiotics to combat bacterial infection in the peritoneal cavity.
• It aims to eradicate bacteria causing the infection and prevent its spread to other organs.
• The primary objective is to clear the infection and prevent recurrence.
• This treatment typically involves an initial broad-spectrum antibiotic followed by targeted therapy based on culture results.

Fluid and Electrolyte Management

• Fluid and Electrolyte Management focuses on correcting imbalances caused by peritonitis.
• It helps restore normal fluid levels and electrolyte concentrations in the body.
• The main goal is to stabilize the patient's condition and prevent complications like dehydration or electrolyte disturbances.
• This management includes intravenous fluids, electrolyte replacement, and close monitoring of fluid balance.

Surgical Intervention

• Surgical Intervention may be necessary in cases of severe or complicated SBP.
• It is aimed at draining infected fluid or abscesses from the peritoneal cavity.
• The primary objective is to remove the source of infection and prevent further complications.
• This intervention may involve procedures like percutaneous drainage or surgical exploration based on the patient's condition.

Prevention and Management of Subacute Bacterial Peritonitis

Subacute Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) can be prevented or managed effectively through lifestyle changes and proactive measures.

Lifestyle Modifications:

• Avoiding alcohol consumption to reduce the risk of SBP.
• Following a balanced diet to support overall health and immune function.
• Maintaining a healthy weight to decrease the likelihood of complications.

Regular Screenings:

• Ensuring regular check-ups with a healthcare provider for early detection.
• Monitoring liver function tests to assess liver health and function.
• Screening for underlying conditions like cirrhosis that may predispose to SBP.

Supportive Care:

• Adhering to prescribed medications to manage underlying conditions effectively.
• Seeking prompt medical attention for any signs of infection or worsening symptoms.
• Engaging in open communication with healthcare providers for optimal care.

If you’ve been having any symptoms or worries about Subacute Bacterial Peritonitis, please reach out to our doctors. They will listen to your concerns, answer your questions and guide you through the next steps.