Watermelon Stomach: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Watermelon stomach, also known as gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE), is a rare condition where the lining of the stomach bleeds, causing striped patterns that resemble a watermelon. This can lead to chronic blood loss and anemia. While not common, it's significant due to its potential to cause iron-deficiency anemia. It mostly affects older adults but can occur at any age. If you experience symptoms like blood in vomit or stools, consult a gastroenterologist for evaluation and management.

Causes of Watermelon Stomach

• Chronic conditions like cirrhosis or autoimmune diseases can lead to Watermelon Stomach.
• Long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can contribute to its development.
• Increased pressure in the blood vessels of the stomach can cause vascular abnormalities.

Symptoms of Watermelon Stomach

Recognizing the symptoms of Watermelon Stomach, also known as Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia (GAVE), is crucial for early detection and improved outcomes. This condition involves the dilation of blood vessels in the stomach lining, leading to gastrointestinal bleeding. Early identification can aid in prompt management and prevent complications. Some common symptoms of Watermelon Stomach include:

• Chronic or recurrent blood loss in stools
• Anemia (low red blood cell count)
• Abdominal pain or discomfort
• Blood in vomit or vomit that looks like coffee grounds
• Fatigue or weakness due to blood loss

Diagnosis of Watermelon Stomach

Diagnosing Watermelon Stomach, or Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia (GAVE), is crucial for timely treatment and management. The diagnostic process typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and endoscopic procedures to confirm the condition accurately. Accurate diagnosis is essential to prevent complications and commence appropriate interventions promptly.

• Upper endoscopy to visualize the stomach lining
• Endoscopic ultrasound to assess the depth of tissue involvement
• Capsule endoscopy for small bowel evaluation
• CT scans or MRIs for detailed imaging of the gastrointestinal tract

Treatment Options for Watermelon Stomach

Watermelon Stomach, also known as Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia (GAVE), can be managed through various treatment approaches tailored to the individual's needs.

Endoscopic Therapy

• Endoscopic therapy involves using an endoscope to apply heat, lasers, or electrodes to cauterize the bleeding blood vessels.
• This treatment aims to stop or reduce gastrointestinal bleeding by sealing off the abnormal blood vessels in the stomach lining.
• The primary objective is to control bleeding and improve hemoglobin levels.
• The procedure may need to be repeated based on the severity of the condition and the individual's response.

Argon Plasma Coagulation (APC)

• APC uses argon gas and electrical energy to cauterize and destroy abnormal blood vessels in the stomach.
• By targeting the bleeding vessels, APC helps to reduce the risk of recurrent bleeding episodes.
• The main goal is to achieve hemostasis and prevent further bleeding.
• Multiple sessions of APC may be required depending on the extent of vascular lesions.

Medication Therapy

• Medication therapy involves the use of medications like proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to reduce stomach acid production and promote healing of the stomach lining.
• These medications help alleviate symptoms and may aid in controlling minor bleeding associated with Watermelon Stomach.
• The primary objective is to manage symptoms, improve quality of life, and prevent complications.
• Long-term use of medications may be necessary to maintain symptom control.

Prevention and Management of Watermelon Stomach

Watermelon Stomach, also known as Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia (GAVE), can benefit from lifestyle changes and proactive measures to prevent or manage symptoms effectively.

Lifestyle Modifications:

• Avoiding triggers like alcohol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
• Eating smaller, more frequent meals to reduce stomach distension.
• Opting for a low-fiber and low-residue diet to minimize irritation.
• Staying hydrated to maintain overall digestive health.

Regular Screenings:

• Regular monitoring through endoscopic procedures to assess the condition.
• Timely follow-ups with healthcare providers for treatment adjustments.
• Discussing symptoms promptly with a gastroenterologist for early intervention.

Supportive Care:

• Managing anemia, if present, through iron supplementation or blood transfusions.
• Seeking nutritional guidance to ensure a balanced diet despite dietary restrictions.
• Engaging in stress-reducing activities like yoga or meditation for overall well-being.

If you’ve been having any symptoms or worries about Watermelon Stomach, please reach out to our doctors. They will listen to your concerns, answer your questions and guide you through the next steps.